Why Inventory Management Matters
Effective inventory management ensures medications are available when patients need them, minimizes waste from expired products, and keeps costs under control. The PTCE includes questions about inventory concepts as part of the Order Entry and Processing domain.
Ordering and Receiving
Most pharmacies receive medications from wholesale distributors on a regular schedule. Technicians often handle checking in deliveries, verifying that received items match the order, inspecting for damage, and properly storing medications. Controlled substances require additional verification and documentation during receiving.
Stock Rotation
First in, first out (FIFO) is the standard rotation principle. Medications received first should be dispensed first to minimize the chance of products expiring on the shelf. When stocking shelves, place newer stock behind existing stock so older products are used first.
Expiration Date Management
Technicians regularly check medications for approaching expiration dates. Products that are expired or will expire soon should be pulled from active stock. Many pharmacies have a routine schedule for expiration date checks, such as monthly reviews of all stock.
Reorder Points
A reorder point is the inventory level at which a new order should be placed to prevent a stockout. Setting appropriate reorder points requires balancing the cost of holding excess inventory against the risk of running out of a needed medication.
Controlled Substance Inventory
Controlled substances require stricter inventory controls than other medications. This includes maintaining perpetual inventory records, conducting regular physical counts, and documenting any discrepancies. These requirements are mandated by the DEA and are a frequently tested topic on the PTCE.
Technology in Inventory
Many pharmacies use automated systems to track inventory levels, generate purchase orders, and flag medications approaching expiration. Understanding how these systems work and the role of the technician in maintaining accurate data is relevant to both daily practice and the exam.